時間：2023-03-13 11:25:03
序論：速發表網結合其深厚的文秘經驗，特別為您篩選了11篇八年級英語知識點范文。如果您需要更多原創資料，歡迎隨時與我們的客服老師聯系，希望您能從中汲取靈感和知識！
一．重點短語：
1.turn on/ off /up/ down 2.cut up 3.mix up4.pour…into… 5.add… to… 6.hang out 7.watch a dolphin show 8.at the end of 9.take a class/ have a class 10.sleep late 11.go for a drive 12.on my next off 13.in my opinion 14.in the future 15.free time 16.be born 17.ice skating18.a piece of music 19.win first prize 20.major in 21.one teaspoon of 22.a slice of 23.take a photo/photos 24.get one’s autograph 25.have a yard sale26.get wet 27.have a party 28.at the age of 29.because of 30.at the same time
二．考點歸納：
考點1.finally 的同義詞組：
finally = at last = in the end
Finally he came up with an idea .=
_____ _____ he came up with an idea .=
_____ ____ _____ he came up with an idea.
考點2.turn on / open 的區別：
1.turn on ：指打開水流，煤氣，電燈，電視，收音機等電器的開關。
2.open：指關著的門，窗，箱子打開。
Please _____ the door.
The boy _____ the computer to play games last night .
考點3.into/ in 的區別：
1.into表示“到……里面去”，進入到……某空間里。屬于動態介詞。
2.in表示“在……里面”，在某一空間或范圍之內。屬于靜態介詞。
There is nothing _____ the blender .
He put his books ______his backpack and left.
考點4.too…to…的同義句：
too…to…= not…enough to … = so…that…
He is so young that he can’t go to school .=
He isn’t _____ ____ to go school .=
He is _____ young _____ go to school .
The box is too heavy for us to carry .
The box isn’t _____ _____ to carry =
The box is ____ heavy ____ we ____ carryit .
考點5.called 的同義句：
called = named = with the name (of)
Do you know the girl called Kate ?=
Do you know the girl ______Kate ?=
Do you know the girl _____ _____ _____ (of)Kate ?
考點6.see sb do sth 、see sb doing sth的區別
1.see sb do sth :看見某人做了某事
2.see sb doing sth .看見某人正在做某事
The teacher saw the students _______(read) English when he came in .
Look！Can you see the girl _____(dance) under the tree ?
注：類似的動詞有：hear ,watch ,notice 等。省to的不定式變被動語態時，需帶上to
I often notice him go home alone .------
He is noticed _____ _____ home alone.
考點7.at the age of 的同義句：
at the age of = when sb was/ were ….
He began to learn English when he was four.=
He began to learn English ____ ____ ____ ______ four.考點8.take part in / join 的區別：
1.take part in 表示參加某項活動，運動，事件等。著重強調以主人翁的姿態或在活動中負有責任而參加。
2.join表示加入組織，團體，黨派而成為其中一員。
注：join sb in …. 表示“參與某人的活動之中”
He ______ the Party in 1987.
Can you come and _____us in the game ?
Twenty students from our class _________
the sports meeting last week.
考點9.句型：
Sb +be the first /last one (person) +to do sth
某人是第一個或最后一個干某事
Women and children are the first _______（take）to safety .
考點10.because / because of 的區別：
1.because 后面接從句（除what 從句之外）。
2.because of 后面接名詞、代詞、名詞性短語、what從句。
He didn’t go to the party because he was ill.
He didn’t go to the party ____ _____ his ____.
She was very angry ______what you said .
A. because B. because of C./ D. with
考點11.keep的用法：
1.keep +adj 表示保持某種狀態
Keep ______ , The baby is sleeping .
2.keep +sb/sth +adj 表示使某人保持某種狀態
We must keep our classroom ______ .
3.keep doing sth . 表示不間斷地持續做某事或一直做某事。
It kept _______(rain) all night .
4.keep on doing sth 表示反復做某事。
He kept on _______(make)the same mistakes.
5.keep +sb +doing sth 表示讓某人一直做某事。
He kept us _______ (wait )for an hour .
6.keep +sb from +doing sth 表示阻止某人干某事。= stop sb (from )doing sth = prevend sb (from )doing sth .
Because of the heavy rain , we could go to school.= The heavy rain ______ us from ____to school.
考點12.visit 的用法：
1.詞性轉換：visit -------visitor
There are many _______(visit )in the park on May’s Day .
2.詞組1).be on a visit to +某地= visit +某地
2).one’s first visit to +某地表示某人第一次參觀某地
He is visiting China .= He is _____ _____ ______ to China.
This is my first visit to Beijing .
注：travel to +某地
Have you traveled to Shanghai ?
考點13.alive / living 的區別：
1.alive指活的、現存的、有活力的。常作表語，也可放在名詞或代詞之后作后置定語。
1. babysit one’s sister 照顧妹妹
2. visit one’s grandmother 看望奶奶
3. spend time with friends和朋友們一起度過時光
4. visit cousins 看望表弟等
5. Go to sports camp 去運動野營
6.go to the beach 去海灘
7. go camping 去野營
8. Go shopping 去買東西
9. go swimming 去游泳
10. go boating去劃船
11. go skating 去溜冰
12. go walking去散步
13. go climbing 去登山
14. go dancing去跳舞
15. go hiking 去徒步遠足
16. go sightseeing 去觀光
17. go house-hunting 去找房子
18.go on a hike 徒步旅行，go bike riding 騎自行車旅行，go fishing 去釣魚
19. do some shopping 買東西
20. do some washing 洗衣服
21. do some cooking 作飯
22. do some reading 讀書
23. do some speaking訓練口語
24. do some sewing 做縫紉活
25.that sounds nice 那好極了
26. at home 在家
27. how about=what about ……怎么樣?
28. how long 多長時間
29. how far 多遠
30. how often 多長時間一次
31. how much, how many 多少
32. have a good time =have fun= have a wonderful time= enjoy oneself 玩得高興，過得愉快
33. show sb. Sth.=show sth. to sb.出示某物給某人看
give me the book=give the book to me 給我書，
pass me the cup=pass the cup to me 把杯子遞給我，
sell me the house=sell the house to me 把房子賣給我
buy me a book =buy a book for me 給我買書，
3. beat against... 拍打……
5. fall asleep 進入夢鄉；睡著
7. die down 逐漸變弱；逐漸消失
9. wake up 醒來
11. in a mess 一團糟
13. break... apart 使……分離
15. in times of difficulty 在困難的時候
17. at the time of 當……時候
19. make one’s way to在某人去……的路上
21. important events重大事件
23. for example 例如
25. be killed 被殺害
27. a school pupil 一名小學生
29. in silence 沉默；無聲
2. go off （鬧鐘）發出響聲
4. take a hot shower 洗熱水澡
6. miss the bus 錯過公交車
8. pick up 接（電話）
10. bring... together 使……靠攏
12. in the area 在這個地區
14. miss the event 錯過這個事件
16. by the side of the road 在路邊
18. walk by 走路經過
20. more recently 最近；新近
22. the World Trade Center 世貿中心
24. take down 拆除；摧毀
26. have meaning to 對……有意義
28. remember doing sth. 記得做過某事
30. at first 首先；最初
【重難點句子】
1. When it began to rain， Ben was helping his mom make dinner.
當開始下雨的時候，本正在幫他媽媽做晚飯。
2. ―What was Jenny doing while Linda was
sleeping？
琳達在睡覺的時候，珍妮正在干什么？
―While Linda was sleeping， Jenny was
helping Mary with her homework.
琳達在睡覺的時候，珍妮正在幫瑪麗
做作業。
3. With no light outside， it felt like midnight. 外面沒有一絲光亮，讓人感覺這時是午夜。
4. Ben’s dad was putting pieces of wood over the windows while his mom was making sure the flashlights and radio were working.
本的爸爸正在把木頭塊搭在窗戶上面，而他的媽媽正在確保手電筒和收音機能正常使用。
5. Ben was helping his mom make dinner when the rain began to beat heavily against the windows.
當雨點開始重重地打在窗戶上時，本正在幫他媽媽做晚飯。
6. He finally fell asleep when the wind was dying down at around 3：00 a.m.
3. beat against... 拍打……
5. fall asleep M入夢鄉；睡著
7. die down 逐漸變弱；逐漸消失
9. wake up 醒來
11. in a mess 一團糟
13. break... apart 使……分離
15. in times of difficulty 在困難的時候
17. at the time of 當……時候
19. make one’s way to在某人去……的路上
21. important events重大事件
23. for example 例如
25. be killed 被殺害
27. a school pupil 一名小學生
29. in silence 沉默；無聲
2. go off （鬧鐘）發出響聲
4. take a hot shower 洗熱水澡
6. miss the bus 錯過公交車
8. pick up 接（電話）
10. bring... together 使……靠攏
12. in the area 在這個地區
14. miss the event 錯過這個事件
16. by the side of the road 在路邊
18. walk by 走路經過
20. more recently 最近；新近
22. the World Trade Center 世貿中心
24. take down 拆除；摧毀
26. have meaning to 對……有意義
28. remember doing sth. 記得做過某事
30. at first 首先；最初
【重難點句子】
1. When it began to rain， Ben was helping his mom make dinner.
當開始下雨的時候，本正在幫他媽媽做晚飯。
2. ―What was Jenny doing while Linda was
sleeping？
琳達在睡覺的時候，珍妮正在干什么？
―While Linda was sleeping， Jenny was
helping Mary with her homework.
琳達在睡覺的時候，珍妮正在幫瑪麗
做作業。
3. With no light outside， it felt like midnight. 外面沒有一絲光亮，讓人感覺這時是午夜。
4. Ben’s dad was putting pieces of wood over the windows while his mom was making sure the flashlights and radio were working.
本的爸爸正在把木頭塊搭在窗戶上面，而他的媽媽正在確保手電筒和收音機能正常使用。
5. Ben was helping his mom make dinner when the rain began to beat heavily against the windows.
當雨點開始重重地打在窗戶上的時候，本正在幫他媽媽做晚飯。
6. He finally fell asleep when the wind was dying down at around 3：00 a.m.
用于表達命令、請求、勸告、警告、禁止等意思的句子叫做祈使句。由于其對象（即主語）是第二人稱，所以通常省略主語。祈使句中的動詞都以原形形式出現。
【祈使句的類型】
肯定結構的祈使句有下面幾種：
A. be型。例如：
Be careful when you cross the street. 過馬路時要小心。
Be a good student. 做個好學生。
B． do型。例如：
Please have a drink. 請喝杯東西。
Come this way, please. 請這邊走。
Remember to turn off the light when you leave. 離開時記得關燈。
Let me help you. 讓我來幫助你吧。
Let’s stop to take a rest. 讓我們停下來休息一會兒吧。
Do be careful. 務必小心。（注意，這里的do表強調）
否定結構的祈使句有下面幾種：
A. don’t型。（do型和be型肯定祈使句改為否定句時都要在其前加don’t。）例如：
Don’t close the door. 不要關門。
Don’t be afraid. 不要害怕。
Don’t let him go. 不要讓他走。
B. no型。例如：
No smoking! 禁止吸煙！
No parking! 禁止停泊！
Ⅰ. 漢譯英。
1. 請照看好您的包！
__________________________________!
2. 讓我們去學校吧！
__________________________________!
3. 親愛的，高興點兒！
__________________________________!
4. 不要把書放在這兒！
__________________________________!
5. 不要讓貓進來！
__________________________________!
Ⅱ. 單項選擇。
（ ）1. ______ make any noise here. The baby is sleeping.
A. Not B. Don’t C. No D. Do
（ ）2. ______ computer games, shall we?
A. Lets’ to play B. Let’s play
C. Let play D. Let to play
（ ）3. ______ the window. It’s hot here.
A. Do close B. Don’t open
C. Don’t close D. Opening
（ ）4. ______ when you do your homework.
A. Be care B. Careful
C. Is careful D. Be careful
可數名詞與不可數名詞對對碰
在英語中，普通名詞分為可數名詞和不可數名詞。個體名詞和集體名詞可以用數目來計量，我們稱為可數名詞。物質名詞和抽象名詞一般不能用數目來計量，稱為不可數名詞。
A. 可數名詞
1. 個體名詞有單復數之分，其復數形式通常是在單數形式后加s / es；以輔音字母y結尾的將y改為i再加es；部分以o結尾的加es。例如：
bookbooks; busbuses
familyfamilies; heroheroes
2. 部分可數名詞的復數形式是不規則的。例如：childchildren, manmen, womanwomen, foot feet, toothteeth, goosegeese, mousemice, oxoxen等。
3. 有些名詞的單復數形式是一樣的。例如：Chinese, deer, fish, Japanese等。
4. 有些集體名詞在形式上是單數，如people(人民，人們)，police(警察)，cattle(牲畜)，staff(全體人員，全體職員)，但它們表達復數的含意。如果這些詞作主語，其謂語動詞須用復數形式。
B. 不可數名詞
1. 不可數名詞包括物質名詞和抽象名詞，例如chalk, chocolate, cloth(布), bread, ink, glass, paper, soap, sugar等。
注：有時，一些抽象名詞也可作個體名詞。例如：
youth(青春)a youth(青年人)； relation(關系)a relation(親屬)；power(威力，電力)a power(大國)
C. 用法
可數名詞前通常可用具體的數詞來修飾。如three apples, ten bananas等；不可數名詞要表示確切數量時，用“數量詞+of+不可數名詞”結構，若表示復數，只把of前的數量詞變為復數。如a cup of tea, three bottles of sauce。
可數名詞作主語，謂語動詞的單復數形式要看主語的臉色行事，單則單，復則復。例如：
There is a bird in the tree. 樹上有一只鳥。
There are five boats on the river. 河里有五艘船。
不可數名詞作主語，謂語動詞只能用單數形式。當不可數名詞前表示數量的名詞是復數時，謂語動詞也要用復數形式。例如：
There is some bread on the plate. 那個盤子里有些面包。
There are five cups of tea on the table. 桌子上有五杯茶。
另外，對可數名詞提問要用how many，對不可數名詞提問要用how much。例如：
How many books do you have? 你有多少本書？
How much cinnamon do you want? 你想要多少肉桂？
【過關斬將】
Ⅰ. 將下列名詞歸類。
smoothie, milk, banana, yogurt, cinnamon, teaspoon, apple, watermelon, popcorn, tomato, cheese, sandwich, bread, onion, bowl, lettuce, sauce, water, rice, cake, money, child, minute, blender
可數名詞：__________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
不可數名詞：________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
Ⅱ. 翻譯下列短語。
1. 一些書 _________________________
2. 三杯酸奶 _________________________
3. 一些牛奶 _________________________
4. 兩筐雞蛋_________________________
5. 一杯水 _________________________
6. 一些茶葉 _________________________
7. 許多西紅柿_________________________
8. 兩片面包_________________________
9. 幾瓶果汁_________________________
10. 兩茶匙肉桂_________________________
Ⅲ. 用how many 或how much填空。
1. __________ days are there in a week?
2. __________ pork is there in the fridge (冰箱)?
3. __________ rice does the man need?
4. __________ sheep are there on the hill?
5. __________ water do you want?
6. __________ planes can you see in the sky?
3. work on 從事
5. finish doing sth. 完成某事
7. clean and tidy 干凈整潔
9. do the dishes 洗餐具
11. throw down 扔下
13. come over 過來
15. take sb. for a walk 帶某人去散步
17. all the time 一直；總是
19. shout back 大聲回應
21. walk away 走_
23. share the housework 分擔家務
25. a comfortable home 一個舒適的家
27. in surprise 驚訝地
29. watch one show 觀看一個節目
31. hang out 閑逛
33. pass sb. sth. 把某物傳給某人
35. lend sb. sth. 把某物借給某人
37. get sth. wet 把某物弄濕
2. take out the rubbish 倒垃圾
4. sweep the floor 掃地
6. make your/ the bed 整理床鋪
8. no problem 沒問題
10. welcome sb. 歡迎某人
12. do chores 做家務
14. help sb. （to） do/ with sth. 幫助
16. go to the store去商店
18. invite sb. to a party邀請某人參加聚會
20. make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事
22. a waste of time 浪費時間
24. in order to為了
26. get good grades 取得好成績
28. mind doing sth. 介意做某事
30. depend on依賴；依靠
32. develop children’s independence 培養孩子的獨立性
34. look after/take care of 照顧；照看
36. do one’s part in （doing） sth. 做某人分內的事
【重難點句子】
1. Could I at least finish watching this show？ 至少讓我看完這個節目，可以嗎？
2. Could you take out the rubbish， fold the clothes and do the dishes？
你能把垃圾倒了，把衣服疊好，再把碗洗了嗎？
3. The minute I sat down in front of the TV， my mom came over.
我剛坐在電視機前，我媽媽就過來了。
4. I’m just as tired as you are！
我和你一樣累呀！
5. For one week， she did not do any housework and neither did I.
有一個星期，她沒有做任何家務，我也沒做。
6. “I’m sorry， Mom. I finally understand that
we need to share the housework to have a clean and comfortable home.” I replied. “對不起，媽媽。我終于理解了，為了擁有一個干凈、舒適的家，我們需要共同來分擔家務?！蔽一卮鸬?。
7. I cut my finger and I’m trying not to get it wet.
A. youngest B. the youngest
C. younger D. very young
2. The bread made in the bakery is ______ than those cakes.(08年 湖北孝感)
A. more delicious B. much delicious
C. very delicious D. so delicious
【考點分析】 1. 選C。 Mike和Paul 兩者比較，形容詞young 的比較級是younger 。
2. 選A。 空格后的 than 一詞決定了空格處要填 delicious 的比較級。delicious 是多音節形容詞，其比較級是 more delicious。
【課文原句2】 She’s a little more outgoing than me.
【真題實證】 The story is _________. We all like it.(07年 青海西寧)
A. much more interesting
B. very more interesting
C. less more interesting
D. few more interesting
【考點分析】 選A。根據語境，排除選項C。形容詞比較級前只可用much 或 a little而不能用very, few 等詞修飾表示比較級的程度。 “much + 比較級”意為“更……得多”，“a little + 比較級” 意為“更……一點兒”，故只有A為正確選項，全句意思是“這個故事更有趣一些，我們都喜歡它”。
【課文原句3】 Liu Ying is not as good at sports as her sister.
【真題實證】 This motorcycle is not as ______ as that one, and it uses less gas.(07年 上海)
A. expensive B. less expensive
C. more expensive D. the most expensive
【考點分析】 選A?！?.. not as + 原級 + as ...” 句式表示作比較的兩者在某方面程度不一樣，前者不如后者。全句意思是“這輛摩托車不如那輛摩托車貴，耗油也更少”。若要表示作比較的兩者在某方面程度一樣，則用 “... as + 原級 + as ...” 句式。
【課文原句4】 I think a good friend makes me laugh.
【真題實證】 This photo often makes me ______ of my teachers in the primary school. (07年 吉林)
A. thinkB. to think C. thinks D. thought
【考點分析】 選A。 使役動詞 make 之后接動詞原形，充當賓語 me 的補足語。
【課文原句5】 I like to have friends who are different from me.
【真題實證】 Do you know the girl ______ is standing under the tree?(08年 福建福州)
A. who B. whom C. whose D. which
【考點分析】 選A。 定語從句的先行詞 the girl 指人，且所填引導詞在從句中充當主語。
【課文原句6】 Paul is never quiet. He can’t stop talking.
【真題實證】 1. The patient was ______ weak to walk on. So she stopped ______ a rest. (07年 青海西寧)
A. so; to have B. very; having
C. too; to have D. so ; having
2. ―There goes the bell.
―It’s time for class. Let’s stop ______. (07年 福建福州)
A. talk B. to talk C. talking D. not talk
【考點鏈接】 ―Peter, ______ do you visit your grandparents?
―Twice a month. (07河北省)
A. how long B. how soon
C. how far D. how often
【解析】 選D。how long意為“多久”，用于對一段時間進行提問；how soon意為“還要多久”，是對從某個時間到將來某個時間提問；how far意為“多遠”，是對距離提問；how often意為“隔多久”，用來提問在某一特定的時間進行某個動作的次數。根據答語“每月兩次”表示頻率，故本題答案為D。
2. 【知識要點】 So you see, I look after my health.
【考點鏈接】 Kate didn’t go to the movie last night because she had to ______ her sick dog at home. (07陜西省)
A. look at B. look up
C. look for D. look after
【解析】 選D。句意為“凱特昨晚沒去看電影，因為她不得不在家照看生病的狗?！北硎尽罢湛础⒄疹櫋币胠ook after。look at意為“看”；look up意為“向上看，查詞典”；look for意為“尋找”。
3. 【知識要點】 I hardly ever exercise.
【考點鏈接】 ―Can you follow me?
―Sorry, I can ______ follow you. You speak too fast.(07青海省)
A. hardly B. nearlyC. clearly
【解析】 選A。答語的意思是“抱歉，我不能跟上你，你講得太快了?！备鶕渥颖磉_的意思來判斷應該說“幾乎不能跟上”，因為后面提到“說得太快了”。表達否定意義應該用hardly；nearly表示“幾乎接近”；clearly表示“清楚地”，故答案為A。
4. 【知識要點】 So maybe I’m not very healthy, although I have one healthy habit.
【考點鏈接】 ______ I live near the sea, I am not a good swimmer. (07長春市)
A. But B. Although
C. If D. So
【解析】 選B。本題考查although的用法。although用于句首，意為“雖然，盡管”，不能和but同時出現在句子中。
5. 【知識要點】 You must try to eatless meat.
I joined the army three years ago. 我三年前就參軍了。
My uncle joined the Party in 1978.我叔叔是1978年入黨的。
join in表示“加入、參與某種活動”，in之后可接名詞或v-ing形式，表示“參加某人的活動”，可以說join sb. in (doing) sth.。例如：
He joined them in the work. 他同他們一起工作。
Will you join us in playing basketball? 你會跟我們一起打籃球嗎？
take part in指參加會議或群眾性活動，重在說明主語參加該項活動并在其中發揮作用。例如：
The teacher took part in our discussion yesterday. 昨天老師參加了我們的討論。
When will you take part in the meeting?你將什么時候參加會議？
alive, living, lively
alive是表語形容詞，意為“活著的”，“在世的”，它既可以修飾人也可以修飾物。作定語時，應將其放在被修飾的名詞后面。例如： They were alive. 他們都還活著。
living作形容詞意為“活著的”，主要用作定語，常置于名詞之前，有時也可置于名詞之后。the living表示“活著的人”；作名詞意為“生計”。例如：
Every living person has a name.每一個活著的人都有一個名字。
lively意為“生動的”，“活潑的”，“充滿生氣的”，用作表語或定語，可以用來修飾人或物。例如：
The sports ground is lively with all sorts of ball games. 運動場上要進行各種球類比賽，呈現出一派生氣勃勃的景象。
The boy has a lively mind. 這男孩頭腦靈活。
how long, how soon
how long是“多久（時間）”的意思，用于對時間段提問，詢問某一動作進行多長時間了。例如：
It takes two months to finish the work.
How long does it take to finish the work?
how soon是“過多久”的意思，用于將來時態的問句中，回答用“in + 一段時間”的時間狀語。例如：
We can be ready in five minutes.
How soon can you be ready?
小試牛刀：
根據句意用所給詞語的適當形式完成句子。
1. join, join in，take part in
① My father is going to ________ the meet-ing.
② They danced and danced until a lot of us ________.
③ You go first. I’ll ________ you soon.
④ We ________ the peasants ________getting in the rice.
⑤ We hope everybody will ________ this struggle.
⑥ Have you ________ the League?
2. alive, living, lively
① Young children are usually ________.
② No man ________ is greater than he.
③ Millions of people hunt and fish for a ________.
④ His mother is dead, but his father is still ________.
⑤ Scientists are keeping a sick deer ________ at the center.
⑥ He makes his ________ by growing rice.
3. how long，how soon
① ―________ will George come back from Australia?
―In four days.
② ―________ have Henry and Emma been in China?
―For about two years.
③ ―________ will your father leave for London?
―In a week, I think.
④ ―________ did it take you to finish the work, Jenny?
―Three days.
Keys:
1. ① take part in ② joined in ③ join ④ joined; in
2. route n. 路線
3. requirement n. 要求；必要條件require v. 需要；要求；命令
4. guide n. 導游
5. film n. 電影
6. southeast n. 東南adj. 東南的
7. wonderful adj. 極好的 wonderfully adv. 極好地 have a wonderful time 過得愉快
8. holiday n. 假日；假期；節日
9. fear v. 害怕；擔心
10. brave adj. 勇敢的；無畏的bravely adv.勇敢地
11. excellent adj. 卓越的；極好的
12. Indian adj. 印度的；印度人；印第安的；印第安人India n. 印度
13. dark n. 黃昏；黑暗
14. awake adj. 醒著的
15. fox n. 狐貍
16. natural adj. 自然的；自然界的 nature n. 自然
17. environment n. 環境
18. temperature n. 溫度
19. whenever conj. 無論何時
20. spring n. 春天
21. autumn n. 秋天
22. season n. 季節
【短語小結】
1. have a great time 玩得愉快
2. Mickey Mouse 米老鼠
3. Donald Duck 唐老鴨
4. roller coaster 過山車
5. on board 在船上
6. end up 結束
7. exchange student 交換生
8. three quarters 四分之三
9. Night Safari （新加坡）夜間野生動物園
10. all year round 一年到頭；終年
11. space museum 太空博物館
12. amusement park 游樂場
13. water park 水上樂園
14. hear of 聽說
15. around / all over the world 全世界
16. in Southeast Asia 在東南亞
【句子運用】
1. Most of us have probably heard of Mickey Mouse, Donald Duck ... Perhaps we have even seen them in movies.
maybe, perhaps 與probably 的用法區別：
maybe 意為“也許；大概”，口語中很常見，但沒有perhaps 正式。例如：
Maybe you put the letter in your bag. 也許你把信放在你的包里了。
Maybe he will help me. 也許他會幫助我。
perhaps 意為“或許”，表示說話人對當前的事有疑問，不肯定。例如：
Perhaps it will rain in the afternoon. 也許下午會下雨。
Perhaps I can see him tomorrow, but I’m not sure. 或許我明天能見到他，不過我還不能肯定。
probably 意為“很可能地；大概地”。說話人對某事的發生有相當把握時用probably。例如：
She is very ill and will probably die. 她病得很重，命可能保不住了。
2. The boats take different routes, but they all end up in the same place.
end up 意為“結束；最后成為/處于”。例如： How does the story end up? 這個故事是怎么結尾的？
We set off for Newcastle but ended up in Scotland. 我們動身去紐卡斯爾，可后來卻去了蘇格蘭。
3. It was because I could speak English that I got the job.
這是個強調句，強調的是原因狀語because I could speak English。強調句的結構形式為“It is / was + 被強調成分+that/who 從句”。被強調的成分可以是除謂語和表語之外的任何句子成分。假設有這樣一句話：We held a class meeting in the classroom yesterday. 我們可以用下面四個句子來分別強調句中的主語、賓語、地點狀語和時間狀語。
It was we who held a class meeting in the classroom yesterday. （強調主語we）
It was a class meeting that we held in the classroom yesterday. （強調賓語a class meeting）
It was in the classroom that we held a class meeting yesterday. （強調地點狀語in the classroom）
It was yesterday that we held a class meeting in the classroom. （強調時間狀語yesterday）
4. I want to travel, especially to English-speaking countries such as the United States and Australia.
such as 與for example用法區別：
兩者都意為“例如”。for example 一般只列舉同類人或物中的“一個”為例，作插入語。例如：
His spelling is terrible! Look at this word, for example. 他的拼寫太糟糕了！看看吧，比如這個單詞。
such as 用來列舉同類人或物中的幾個例子。注意such as后面不可用逗號隔開。例如： She likes drinks, such as tea and coffee. 她喜歡喝飲料，例如茶和咖啡。
English is spoken in many countries, such as Australia, Canada and so on. 許多國家都講英語，例如澳大利亞，加拿大等。
5. My English writing is good, but I need to improve my listening skills.
improve 意為“提高；改進；改善”，用作及物動詞。例如：
It will help to improve your speaking. 這會幫助提高你的口語能力。
If the company refuses to improve its pay offer, we shall go on strike. 如果公司拒絕改進工資方案，我們就舉行罷工。
6. On the one hand, more than three quarters of the population are Chinese, ...
英語中，分數由基數詞和序數詞構成。分子為基數詞，分母為序數詞。分子是1時，分母用單數形式；分子大于1時，分母用復數形式，即在序數詞詞尾加-s，基數詞和序數詞之間的連字符可省略。如：one-fourth 或one quarter （四分之一）；two-thirds（三分之二）；five-twelfths （十二分之五）。
population 意為“人口”，是個集體名詞。population 用作主語時，如果說話人意在強調整體意義，則謂語動詞為單數形式；如果強調個體，則謂語動詞常為復數形式。例如：
The population of the country is growing rapidly. 這個國家的人口數在迅速增長。（強調整體）
Two thirds of the population of the country are farmers. 這個國家三分之二的人口是農民。（強調個體）
注意：1) 指人口“多”或“少”時，要用形容詞large 或small修飾population，而不用many或few。試譯：這個村的人口比那個村的（人口）少。
【誤】The population of this village is fewer than that of that village.
【正】The population of this village is smaller than that of that village.
The watch was a Christmas gift from his father. 這塊表是他父親贈給他的圣誕禮物。
He is a man of many gifts. 他是個多才多藝的人。
present通常指一般同級或下級所贈的花錢不多的禮物，多用于口語中。例如：
Flowers and fruits are always fit presents.花及水果總是合適的禮品。
win, beat
兩者在表示“戰勝，贏得，打敗”這一意思時，后接賓語有所不同。beat后面的賓語通常是人或比賽對手，而win后面的賓語通常是match, game, war, prize等名詞。試比較：
I can beat you at swimming. 在游泳比賽中我能贏你。
He wants to win a trip to Europe, but he will be happy if he wins a new bicycle. 他想得到一個去歐洲的旅游獎，但是如果他能得到一輛新自行車，他會非常高興。
Who do you think can win the volleyball match in the end? 你認為誰最終能贏得這場排球賽？
We played the top class at football but we couldn’t beat them. 我們踢足球的水平一流，但是卻不能戰勝他們。
beat與win的反義詞是lose，常用的結構是lose (sth.) to sb.。例如：
We lost to a women’s football team. 我們輸給了女子足球隊。
Our team has never lost a match. 我們隊從未輸過一場比賽。
future, in future, in the future
future意為“未來、將來”，可構成in future, in the future短語，前者是“從今以后”的意思，后者是“未來”、“將來”的意思。例如：
I wish you a happy future. 祝你有個美好的將來。
You must be more careful in future. 你今后要更加小心些。
Who can tell what will happen in the future? 誰能說將來會發生什么？
else, other
else可以用作副詞，主要用在who, whose, what 等疑問代詞或nobody, nothing, somebody, something, anybody, anything等不定代詞之后。例如：
Where else are you going to stay? 你們還要在什么地方停留？
I took someone else’s coat by mistake. 我錯拿了別人的外衣。
other意為“另一個，其他的”，一般位于名詞之前。例如：
Ask other students questions about it.關于這個問題請問別的學生。
This story is more interesting than the other ones. 這個故事比其他故事更有趣。
at the end of, in the end
at the end of 意為“在……末尾”，“到……盡頭”；in the end意為“最后”，“終于”，用作狀語。試比較：
At the end of the term we shall have another exam. 在這個學期末我們會有另一次考試。
In the end I agreed to go. 最后我同意去。
In the end he found out all the secrets. 他終于把所有的秘密都弄明白了。
練習：
根據句意用所給詞語的適當形式完成句子。
1. gift, present
① On his birthday he received a lot of________.
② The teacher gave each student a________ on New Year’s Day.
③She has a ________ for languages.
2. win，beat, lose
① But still we weren’t sure if we could_______ them.
② ―Who _______ the race?
―I won but David came second.
③ They had never _______ a match to the girls before.
④ They _______ three matches, drew（平） one and _______ two.
⑤ We played very well, and we ________ the team from No. 3 Middle School.
3. future, in future, in the future
① I would like to be a teacher ________.
② Our ________ seems very uncertain.
③ People always try to live better________.
④ There’s no ________ in trying to sell furs in a hot country.
⑤ I will work hard on my English _______.
4. else, other
① ________ people may not think that way.
② I am afraid I can’t help you. You’ll have to ask someone ________.
③ Do youhave any ________ books on this subject?
④ He has nothing ________ to do today.
⑤ Whom ________ did you see?
5. at the end of, in the end
① ________ this class we’ll go over the Eng-lish song.
② ________ we reached the city.
③ The Reads live in the house ________ the street.
④ ________ they had to leave their home.
⑤ Why did the monkey laugh ______?
⑥______ the road you’ll see the hospital.
Keys:
1. ① presents / gifts
② gift / present ③ gift
2. ① beat ② won ③ lost
④ won; lost ⑤ beat
3. ① in the future ② future
③ in the future
④ future ⑤ in future
4. ① Other② else
③ other④ else⑤ else
5. ① At the end of
② In the end
③ at the end of
